NORTH CAROLINA ESSENTIAL STANDARDS

American Indian Studies

NCES.AIS.H.1 - Apply historical thinking in order to understand the American Indian societies over time.
- NCES.AIS.H.1.1 - Use primary and secondary sources to analyze how historical context shaped and continues to shape people’s perspectives.
- NCES.AIS.H.1.2 - Deconstruct competing historical narratives to determine point of view, bias, credibility, and authority.
- NCES.AIS.H.1.3 - Integrate evidence from multiple relevant historical sources and interpretations into a reasoned argument about the past.

NCES.AIS.H.2 - Understand the change, continuity, and significance of American Indian societies over time.
- NCES.AIS.H.2.1 - Explain how contact with other groups has impacted American Indian civilizations.
- NCES.AIS.H.2.2 - Analyze key turning points in terms of how they have affected the quality of life, status, and tribal and national government relationships in various regions across North America.
- NCES.AIS.H.2.3 - Evaluate the impact of political and economic decisions of individuals, groups, and governments in relation to whether they have strengthened or weakened American Indian societies.
- NCES.AIS.H.2.4 - Analyze political, social, and economic resistance movements among various American Indian groups in terms of the challenges and successes of those movements.

NCES.AIS.G.1 - Apply geographic tools to understand American Indian societies over time.
- NCES.AIS.G.1.1 - Use maps, charts, graphs, photographs, geographic data and available technology tools to make inferences about American Indians societies.
- NCES.AIS.G.1.2 - Use geographic data in order to understand economic, political, cultural and social patterns within American Indian communities

NCES.AIS.G.2 - Analyze the role of geography in American Indian societies over time.
- NCES.AIS.G.2.1 - Explain how human-environment interaction has transformed the way of life of American Indian societies.
- NCES.AIS.G.2.2 - Analyze the physical and human characteristics of various places and regions to understand the connection to American Indian identities and cultures.
- NCES.AIS.G.2.3 - Explain how and why civilizations, societies, and communities have adapted to, used, and modified their environments.
- NCES.AIS.G.2.4 - Explain how and why various geographic factors impacted American Indian societies over time.

NCES.AIS.E.1 - Understand the ways in which American Indians address opportunities, challenges, and strategies concerning economic well-being over time.
- NCES.AIS.E.1.1 - Analyze the economic development of American Indians and tribal communities in terms of challenges to standard of living.
- NCES.AIS.E.1.2 - Explain how challenges to the natural resource rights of American Indians have impacted the standard of living of individuals and tribal communities.
- NCES.AIS.E.1.3 - Analyze various geographic, cultural, social, political, and financial factors in terms of their impact on the economic mobility of American Indians.
- NCES.AIS.E.1.4 - Use cost-benefit analysis to assess the effectiveness of various approaches American Indians used to solve economic issues.

NCES.AIS.C&G.1 - Understand how the interactions between tribal governments and national, state, and local governments have impacted American Indian tribal sovereignty over time.
- NCES.AIS.C&G.1.1 - Explain how and why the structures of various tribal governments and those of national, state, and local governments have differed in terms of power, authority, and the law.
- NCES.AIS.C&G.1.2 - Explain the various ways legal and economic decisions have challenged both tribal sovereignty and national and state policies and practices
- NCES.AIS.C&G.1.3 - Summarize various reactions to government and organizational policies and practices towards American Indians.
- NCES.AIS.C&G.1.4 - Evaluate how various political and cultural movements in American history have fueled the American Indian struggle for equality in terms of leadership, participation, and impact on tribal recognition and civil rights.

NCES.AIS.C.1 - Analyze the lives of American Indians to understand the impact of shared and differing experiences and identities.
- NCES.AIS.C.1.1 - Analyze ways in which American Indians have maintained cultural identity over time while interacting with mainstream, American culture.
- NCES.AIS.C.1.2 - Compare the ways in which legacies expressed through architecture, art, music, dance and writing contribute to social, political, and religious values and attitudes of various American Indian tribal societies today
- NCES.AIS.C.1.3 - Analyze the various cultural practices that have shaped the individual and collective identity of American Indians over time to understand shared and differing experiences
- NCES.AIS.C.1.4 - Analyze the shared experiences of American Indian groups in regard to cultural assimilation, influence, adaptation, resistance, and the impact of stereotypes.
- NCES.AIS.C.1.5 - Analyze the impact of science and innovations in terms of how they helped transform, unite, or destroy American Indian societies.